A Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) is defined by U.S. federal law under the National Firearms Act (NFA) of 1934. This type of firearm is identified by its barrel length and overall length: an SBR has a barrel shorter than 16 inches or an overall length of less than 26 inches. Both dimensions are required to classify a shoulder-fired, rifled firearm as an SBR under the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) guidelines.
SBR Specifications
The defining characteristics of an SBR include:
- Barrel Length: Less than 16 inches.
- Overall Length: Less than 26 inches with a stock attached.
Under the NFA, altering a rifle to have these dimensions, or creating a firearm that meets them, makes it an SBR. Additionally, certain configurations, such as attaching a stock to a handgun with a barrel shorter than 16 inches, also result in an SBR classification, even if the firearm was originally a pistol.
SBR Regulations and Compliance
Federal law requires SBRs to be registered with the ATF, and ownership is permitted only if the firearm is registered. Registration involves a background check, a $200 tax payment (known as a “tax stamp”), and completion of ATF Form 1 (for making) or Form 4 (for transferring an SBR). Some states prohibit SBR ownership altogether, so individuals must be aware of state-specific laws.
Penalties for Non-Compliance
Possessing or manufacturing an unregistered SBR is a serious offense, punishable as a federal felony. The NFA also requires notification to the ATF when transporting an SBR across state lines.
While SBRs offer benefits like enhanced maneuverability, they fall under strict legal regulation due to their size and potential for concealability. To ensure compliance, many gun owners use alternative configurations, such as AR pistols with stabilizing braces, which, when used properly, do not meet the legal definition of an SBR. However, regulations around these braces are subject to change and have led to legal disputes, highlighting the need for ongoing awareness of NFA rules.
For more details on SBR, visit ICB Firearms.
